多相湍流反應(yīng)與湍動(dòng)燃燒的扛鼎之作。

周力行  男，清華大學(xué)航天航空學(xué)院工程力學(xué)系教授，博士生導(dǎo)師。1932年出生于北京；1961年畢業(yè)于蘇聯(lián)列寧格勒工業(yè)大學(xué)物理-力學(xué)系，獲得副博士（相當(dāng)于西方國(guó)家Ph. D博士）學(xué)位。

中國(guó)燃燒和多相流學(xué)術(shù)界的學(xué)術(shù)帶頭人之一，享受?chē)?guó)務(wù)院特殊津貼。曾任清華大學(xué)煤的清潔燃燒國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室學(xué)術(shù)委員會(huì)副主任，中國(guó)工程熱物理學(xué)會(huì)理事，中國(guó)力學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)多相流和非牛頓流專(zhuān)業(yè)組主任。國(guó)際多相流會(huì)議常設(shè)核心組中國(guó)代表.

現(xiàn)任國(guó)際燃燒學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)員，、多相流和燃燒方面多種國(guó)際會(huì)議的國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)委員，《國(guó)際清潔能源技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào)》、《國(guó)際計(jì)算多相流學(xué)報(bào)》、《燃燒科學(xué)與技術(shù)》（中國(guó)）編委。

曾先后擔(dān)任美國(guó)多所大學(xué)的訪問(wèn)教授，先后在美國(guó)、加拿大、德國(guó)、日本以及中國(guó)香港地區(qū)、臺(tái)灣地區(qū)進(jìn)行合作研究和講學(xué)60多次，擔(dān)任國(guó)內(nèi)多所大學(xué)的兼職教授。

主要研究領(lǐng)域?yàn)槎嘞嗔?、湍流和燃燒。研究成果得到?guó)內(nèi)外公認(rèn)，已出版中英文學(xué)術(shù)專(zhuān)著7部，在國(guó)內(nèi)外期刊上發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文300余篇。SCI收錄、EI收錄、SCI他引均在數(shù)百篇以上。獲得2007年國(guó)家自然科學(xué)二等獎(jiǎng)、1995年國(guó)家教委科技進(jìn)步一等獎(jiǎng)、1995年電力部科技進(jìn)步一等獎(jiǎng)、1995年光華科技一等獎(jiǎng)、1992年全國(guó)優(yōu)秀電力科技圖書(shū)一等獎(jiǎng)和多項(xiàng)省部級(jí)科技成果二等獎(jiǎng)。

Preface i Nomenclature iii Introduction v 

1. Some Fundamentals of Dispersed Multiphase Flows 1 

1.1 Particle/Spray Basic Properties 1 

1.1.1 Particle/Droplet Size and Its Distribution 1 

1.1.2 Apparent Density and Volume Fraction 2 

1.2 Particle Drag, Heat, and Mass Transfer 2 

1.3 Single-Particle Dynamics 3 

1.3.1 

1.3.2 

1.3.3 

1.3.4 

1.3.5 

1.3.6 

References 

Single-Particle Motion Equation 3 Motion of a Single Particle in a Uniform Flow Field 4 Particle Gravitational Deposition 4 Forces Acting on Particles in Nonuniform Flow Field 5 

1.3.4.1 Magnus Force 5 

1.3.4.2 Saffman Force 5 

1.3.4.3 Particle Thermophoresis, Electrophoresis, and Photophoresis 5 Generalized Particle Motion Equation 6 Recent Studies on Particle Dynamics 6 7 

Further Reading 8 

2. Basic Concepts and Description of Turbulence 9 

2.1 Introduction 9 

2.2 Time Averaging 9 

2.3 Probability Density Function 10 

2.4 Correlations, Length, and Time Scales 12 References 13 

3. Fundamentals of Combustion Theory 15 

3.1 Combustion and Flame 15 

3.2 Basic Equations of Laminar Multicomponent Reacting Flows and Combustion 16 

3.2.1 Thermodynamic Relationships of Multicomponent Gases 16 

xiii 

3.2.2 Molecular Transport Laws of Multicomponent Reacting Gases 18 

3.2.3 Basic Relationships of Chemical Kinetics 19 

3.2.4 The Reynolds Transport Theorem 20 

3.2.5 Continuity and Diffusion Equations 21 

3.2.6 Momentum Equation 22 

3.2.7 Energy Equation 23 

3.2.8 Boundary Conditions at the Interface and Stefan Flux 26 

3.3 Ignition and Extinction 30 

3.3.1 Basic Concept 30 

3.3.2 Dimensional Analysis 30 

3.3.3 Ignition in an Enclosed Vessel—Simonov’s Unsteady Model 31 

3.3.4 Ignition Lag (Induction Period) 34 

3.3.5 Ignition by a Hot Plate—Khitrin-Goldenberg Model 35 

3.3.6 Ignition and Extinction—Vulis Model 37 

3.4 Laminar Premixed and Diffusion Combustion 41 

3.4.1 Background 41 

3.4.2 Basic Equations and Their Properties 41 

3.4.3 Two-Zone Approximate Solution 43 

3.4.4 Laminar Diffusion Flame 46 

3.5 Droplet Evaporation and Combustion 47 

3.5.1 Background 47 

3.5.2 Droplet Evaporation in Stagnant Air 48 

3.5.3 Basic Equations for Droplet Evaporation and Combustion 48 

3.5.4 Droplet Evaporation With and Without Combustion 49 

3.5.5 Droplet Evaporation and Combustion under Forced Convection 50 

3.5.6 The d2 Law 52 

3.5.7 Experimental Results 52 

3.5.8 Droplet Ignition and Extinction 54 

3.6 Solid-Fuel: Coal-Particle Combustion 54 

3.6.1 Background 54 

3.6.2 Coal Pyrolyzation (Devolatilization) 55 

3.6.3 Carbon Oxidation 56 

3.6.4 Carbon Oxidation—Basic Equations 56 

3.6.5 Carbon Oxidation—Single-Flame-Surface Model-Only Reaction 1 or 2 at the Surface 57 

3.6.6 Carbon Oxidation—Two-Flame-Surface Model 60 

3.6.7 Coal-Particle Combustion 62 

3.7 Turbulent Combustion and Flame Stabilization 64 

3.7.1 Background 64 

3.7.2 Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flame 64 

3.7.3 Turbulent Premixed Flame—Damkohler-Shelkin’s Wrinkled-Flame Model 66 

Contents xY 

3.7.4 Turbulent Premixed Flame—Summerfield-Shetinkov’s Volume Combustion Model 67 

3.7.5 Flame Stabilization 67 

3.8 Conclusion on Combustion Fundamentals 69 References 69 

4. Basic Equations of Multiphase Turbulent Reacting Flows 71 

4.1 The Control Volume in a Multiphase-Flow System 71 

4.2 The Concept of Volume Averaging 72 

4.3 “Microscopic” Conservation Equations Inside Each Phase 73 

4.4 The Volume-Averaged Conservation Equations for Laminar/Instantaneous Multiphase Flows 73 

4.5 The Reynolds-Averaged Equations for Dilute Multiphase Turbulent Reacting Flows 78 

4.6 The PDF Equations for Turbulent Two-Phase Flows and Statistically Averaged Equations 80 

4.7 The Two-Phase Reynolds Stress and Scalar Transport Equations 83 References 87 

5. Modeling of Single-Phase Turbulence 89 

5.1 Introduction 89 

5.2 The Closure of Single-Phase Turbulent Kinetic Energy Equation 90 

5.3 The k-ε Two-Equation Model and Its Application 92 

5.4 The Second-Order Moment Closure of Single-Phase Turbulence 96 

5.5 The Closed Model of Reynolds Stresses and Heat Fluxes 99 

5.6 The Algebraic Stress and Flux Models—Extended k-ε Model 101 

5.7 The Application of DSM and ASM Models and Their Comparison with Other Models 103 

5.8 Large-Eddy Simulation 112 

5.8.1 Filtration 112 

5.8.2 SGS Stress Models 113 

5.8.3 LES of Swirling Gas Flows 114 

5.9 Direct Numerical Simulation 116 References 119